Buddhism and Jainism are ancient religions that developed during the days of Ancient India. Buddhism is based on the teachings of Gautama Buddha, while Jainism is based on the teachings of Mahavira

Buddhism Notes

Founder – Lord Buddha

Lord Buddha –

Real name	Siddharth
Birth Place	Lumbini, Nepal
Birth Time	561 BC
Mother	Mahamaya
Father	Sudhodhan
wife	Yashodhra
Son	Rahul
Horse	Kanthak
Charioteer	Channa
1st guru/ Teacher	Alar Kalam
2nd guru/ Teacher	Rudra Ramputra
Age of leaving home	29 years
Foster mother	Prajapati Gautami

NOTE – His father was head of “SHAKYA” clan.

NOTE – Prajapati Gautami was his foster mother hence he is also known as “Gautam Buddh”

4 great events of Buddha’s life –

1. Old person
2. Sick person
3. Dead person
4. Sanyasi / Monk

Enlightenment –

Age	35
Place	Bodhgaya
River	Niranjan/ Falgu
1st sermon	Sarnath (UP)
Last sermon	Subhadra, Kushinagar (UP)

4 nobel truths of Buddha’s life –

1. Sorrow
2. Cause of sorrow
3. Prevention of sorrow
4. Sorrow prevention gamini pratipada

Symbols of Buddha’s life –

Event	Symbol
Birth	Lotus
Young	Bull
Home left	Horse
Enlightenment	Bodhi tree
1st sermon	Wheel
Death	Stupa

Triratna of Buddhism –

1. Buddha
2. Dhamma
3. Sangha

Buddhist Councils –

1^st Buddhist Council –

Time	483BC
Place	Rajagriha , Bihar
Chairman	Mahakashyap
King	Ajatshatru

NOTE – 1^st Buddhist Council was held after the death of Buddha.

2^nd Buddhist Council –

Time	383BC
Place	Vaishali, Bihar
Chairman	Sabbakami
King	Kalashoka / Kakavarsha

3^rd Buddhist Council –

Time	250/251 BC
Place	Patliputra
Chairman	Mogliputra Tissa
King	Ashoka

4^th Buddhist Council –

Time	100/98 AD
Place	Kundalvan, Kashmir
Place	Vasumitra
King	Kanishka

Buddhist Literature –

• Buddhist literature is written in “Pali” language.
• There are 3 main literatures in Buddhism, which are called “Tripitak”

Pitak / Literature	Author	About
Vinay Pitak	Upali	Rules & regulations for Buddhist monks
Sutta Pitak	Anand	Sermons of Buddha & his students
Abhidhamma Pitak	Mogliputra Tissa	Philosophy

Other literature –

• Jatak ( Before birth of Buddha)
• Deep Vansha
• Maha Vansha

Sections of Buddhism –

Buddhism is divided into 2 sections

Hinyana –

• Buddha was considered a normal person
• It is believed that enlightenment can be achieved individually

Mahayana –

• Buddha was considered as god
• It is believed that enlightenment can be achieved only with the help of Buddha

Name of major events of Buddha’s life –

Event	Name
Home left	Mahabhiniskraman
1st sermon	Dhamma Chakra Parivartan
Death	Mahaparinirvana

Death of Buddha –

Time	483 BC
Place	Kushinagar (UP)
Reason	A prson named “CHUND” gave him pork and after eating it he died

Jainism Notes

Meaning of word Jain is “winner”.

Founder – Rishabhdev

Total Teerthankars – 24

1st Teerthankar	Rishabhdev
22th Teerthankar	Aristhanemi
23rd Teerthankar	Parshavnath
24th Teerthankar	Mahaveer Swami

NOTE – The 1^st evidence of Jainism is found in the Indus Valley Civilization , Mohonjodaro)

Parshavnath –

• 23^rd Teerthankar
• He was the son of “king Ashwsen”, the king of Kashi.

4 Mahavrats of Parshavnath –

• Truth
• Non – violence
• Astey (Not to steal)
• Aparigrah (Not to collect property)

Mahaveer Swami –

Teerthankar	24th
Real name	Vardhman
Birth	540 BC
Symbol	Lion
Place of birth	Kundalgram, Vaishali (Bihar)
Mother	Trishala
Father	Siddharth
Wife	Yashoda
Daughter	Priyadarshna/ Anonja
Son – in – law	Jamali
Home left	30 years

Enlightenment –

Age	42
Place	Jambhik village, under saal tree
River	Rijupalika

NOTE – The enlightenment of Mahaveer Swami is called “Kaivalya”

1^st Sermon –

Place	Vipulanchal Hills, Rajgriha
1st pupil	Chanda
1st student	Jamali

The 5^th Mahavrat was added by Mahaveer swami in which he added “Brahmcharya” for monks of Jainism.

Jainism

Triratnas of Jainism –

1. Right vision
2. Right knowledge
3. Right conduct

Literature of Jainism –

• The jain literature is called “Aagam”
• Jain literature is written in “Prakrit” language

Bhagwati Sutra	Biography of Mahaveer Swami
Achranga Sutra	Rules & regulations of jain monk
Nayaydhammakaha Sutra	Collection of teachings of Mahaveer Swami

Jain councils –

1^st Jain Council –

Time	300 BC
Place	Patliputra
Chairman	Sthalbahu/ Sthul Bhadra
King	Chandragupta Maurya

2^nd Jain Council –

Time	512 AD
Place	Vallabhi, Gujarat
Chairman	Devardhikshamasharmana / Deverdhmani

Sections of Jainism –

The Jainism is divided into 2 sections

Digambara –

• Badhrbahu was its leader
• Monks used to live naked
• Any change is not accepted
• Aagam is not accepted
• Enlightenment is not for females

Swetambara –

• Sthulbahu was its leader
• Monks wear white dress
• Changes are accepted
• Aagam is accepted
• Females can also get enlightenment

 Jain Philosophy –

1. Anekantvad
2. Saptabhangniya
3. Navism

Rulers who accepted Jainism –

Kharvel	King of Kalinga
Chandragupta Maurya	King of Mauryan dynasty
AmoghVarsha	King of Rashtrakuta dynasty
Udiyan	King of Haryanka dynasty

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